一、包装定义：
Packaging definition:
运输包装是指为在物流过程中保护产品、方便贮运、传递信息，按一定的原理、技术、方法而形成的包装和集装方式及其所进行的包装技术活动。
Transport packaging refers to the packaging and packaging modes formed according to certain principles, technologies and methods and the packaging technical activities carried out in order to protect products, facilitate storage and transportation, and transmit information in the process of logistics.
二、应用场景 包装形式 测试项目：
Application scenario Packaging Test Items:
| 应用场景Application Scenario | 执行标准Standard | 测试项目test items |
E-commerce packaging Package for express delivery Industrial packaging Medical packing Food packaging Cold chain packing | National standard for military packaging ISTA ASTM | Environmental pretreatment test (temperature, humidity and heat) Stacking compression test Package holding force test Free drop test Drop of rotation Horizontal/inclined impact test Vibration test (fixed frequency, sweep frequency, random) Roll over test Rolling test Test of stability Impact testing of hazardous materials Crash/impact testing Low pressure test Forklift handling test Field road test |
Iii. Implementation Standards:
1. ISTA
ISTA (International Safe Transit Association) is an international non-profit organization.
ISTA 1 Series (Non-simulated Overall Performance Testing)
ISTA 1A (≤68 kg, single package, regardless of package type)
ISTA 1B (> 68kg, single package, regardless of package type)
ISTA 1C (≤68 kg, single package, regardless of package type, extended test)
ISTA 1D (> 68kg, single package, regardless of package type, extended test)
ISTA 1E (a combination package of the same package, placed on a card tray regardless of the type of package)
ISTA 1G (≤68 kg, single package, regardless of package type, random vibration)
ISTA 1H (> 68kg, single package, regardless of package type, random vibration)
ISTA 2 Series (Partial simulated performance test)
ISTA 2A (≤68 kg, single package, regardless of package type)
ISTA 2B (> 68kg, single package, regardless of package type)
ISTA 2C (Furniture Packing box, regardless of packaging type)
ISTA 3 Series (Integrated Simulation Performance Test)
ISTA 3A (≤ 70kg, single package, standard package, parcel delivery)
ISTA 3A (≤ 70kg, single package, small package, parcel delivery)
ISTA 3A (≤ 70kg, single pack, flat pack, parcel transport)
ISTA 3A (≤ 70kg, single package, strip package, parcel delivery)
ISTA 3B (≤ 91kg, single package, standard package, zero-load cargo transport)
ISTA 3B (> 91kg, single package, standard package, sub-cargoes transport)
ISTA 3B (> 91 kg, single package, cylindrical package, sub-cargoes transport)
ISTA 3B (with pallet or sliders, zero-weight cargo transport)
ISTA 3E (Collective packaging of same product, with pallets, shipping with zero loads)
ISTA 3F (Sample quantity: 6 pieces, ≤45 kg, products shipped from distribution center to distribution stores, partial load cargo transport)
ISTA 3H (Suitable for mechanical handling of products or packages in bulk transport containers, partial load transport)
ISTA 6 Series (Member in-house trial)
ISTA 6-SAMSCLUB Type A (non-perishable, originally shipped on standard or custom pallets, regardless of packaging type)
ISTA 6-SAMSCLUB Type B (Non-perishable, initially ground loaded, in a transport vehicle or shipping container, warehouse quantity is one box or aggregate pack, large pack)
ISTA 6-SAMSCLUB Type C (Non-perishable, initially ground loaded, in a transport vehicle or shipping container, warehouse quantity is one box or aggregate pack, small pack)
ISTA 6-SAMSCLUB Type D (perishable, originally pallet-shipped package)
ISTA 6-FEDEX-A (≤67.5kg, single package, US domestic shipping, standard package)
ISTA 6-FEDEX-A (≤67.5kg, Single pack, US domestic shipping, Flat pack)
ISTA 6-FEDEX-A (≤67.5kg, Single package, US domestic shipping, elongated package)
ISTA 6-FEDEX-A (≤67.5kg, single package, International shipping, standard package)
ISTA 6-FEDEX-A (≤67.5kg, Single pack, International shipping, flat pack)
ISTA 6-FEDEX-A (≤67.5kg, single package, International shipping, elongated package)
ISTA 6-FX-B 67.5kg, single package, shipped within the United States, regardless of package type)
ISTA 6-FX-B 67.5kg, single package, international transport, regardless of package type)
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM -- Over Boxing (2 non-breakables, 5 breakables, regardless of package type)
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type A (Single packaged product, Parcel delivery,< 23Kg, circumference < 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type B (Single packaged product, Parcel delivery,> 23Kg< 45Kg, circumference < 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type C (Single packaged product, Parcel delivery,> 45Kg, circumference < 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type D (Single packaged product, freight,< 45kg, girth > 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type E (Single packaged product, less freight,> 45Kg, girth > 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type F (Single package product, sub-load freight, pallet package, regardless of package type)
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type G (Single packaged product, Parcel delivery,< 68Kg, TV/monitor, circumference < 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
ISTA 6-AMAZON.COM-SIOC-Type H (Single packaged product, Parcel delivery,> 68Kg, TV/monitor, circumference > 4.19m, the circumference is the length of the package product +2* (width + height))
2. ASTM
The American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) was formerly known as the International Association for Testing Materials (IATM).
ASTM Main Standard for packaging Test:
D642 Test method for determining Compressive Resistance of Transport Vessels, Components, and units of Load
Test method for impact testing of D880 Transport Containers and Systems
D951 Test method for water resistance of transport containers by spray method
D996 Packaging and distribution of environmental terms
Test method for vibration test of D999 Marine containers
D4003 Test method for programmable horizontal impact testing of Marine Containers and systems
D4169 Specification for performance testing of transport containers and systems
D4332 Practice of regulating containers, packaging or packaging components for testing
Test method for random vibration test of transport vessel D4728
Test method for impact test of D5265 Bridges
D5276 Test method for drop test of loading containers Freefall
D5277 Perform a test method for programmed horizontal impact using a tilt impact tester
D5487 Test method for simulating loading containers with impact machines
Test method for mechanical handling of unit loads and large shipping boxes and crates
D6179 Test methods for rough machining of bulk loads and large shipping boxes and crates
D6344 Transport packaging test method for concentrated impact
D6653 Test method for the effect of high altitude on Packing systems by vacuum method
3, GB/T 4857
GB/T 4857 series is widely used in the domestic transport packaging test, is the conventional inspection standard of domestic transport packaging. The purpose is to simulate and reproduce the hazards that may be encountered in the process of circulation.
It mainly includes the following criteria:
GB/T 4857.1 Packaging Basic tests for transport packages - Part 1: Method of marking each part of the test
GB/T 4857.2 Packaging Basic tests for transport packaging - Part 2: Temperature and humidity regulation treatment
GB/T 4857.3 Basic tests for packaging and transport packages - Part 3: static load stacking test method
GB/T 4857.4 Basic tests for packaging and transport packages - Part 4: Compression and stacking test methods using pressure testing machines
GB/T 4857.5 packaging Transportation packaging drop test method
GB/T 4857.6 Packaging Rolling test method for transport packaging
GB/T 4857.7 Packaging for transport - Basic tests - Part 7: Sinusoidal vibration test method
GB/T 4857.9 Packaging for transport - Basic tests - Part 9: Spray test methods
GB/T 4857.10 Packaging for transport - Basic tests - Part 10: sinusoidal frequency conversion vibration test method
GB/T 4857.11 packaging Basic tests for transport packaging - Part 11: horizontal impact test methods
GB/T 4857.12 Packaging-transport packaging-watering-test method
GB/T 4857.13 packages-basic tests for transport packages-Part 13: low pressure test methods
GB/T 4857.14 packaging Transport packaging test method for tipping
GB/T 4857.17 Packaging Basic tests for transport packages - Part 17: General rules for preparation of performance test Outlines
GB/T 4857.19 Package transport package flow test information record
GB/T 4857.20 packaging Transportation packaging - collision test method
GB/T 4857.22 Package transportation package unit cargo stability test method
GB/T 4857.23 packaging Basic tests for transport packaging - Part 23: random vibration test method
4. Transportation and packaging standards for medical devices
Test methods for packaging of sterile medical devices - Part 15: Performance test of transport containers and systems
GB/T 14710 medical electrical appliances -- environmental requirements and test methods